Jean-Jacques Kourliandsky is Director of the Observatoire de l’Amérique Latine of the Fondation Jean Jaurès, a Spanish/Latin American researcher at the Institut des Relations Internationales et Stratégiques (Paris) and an editorial member of Espaces Latinos (published monthly in Lyon). He graduated from the IEP in Bordeaux with a third cycle Doctorate in history from the Université Bordeaux III. He has written many books, articles and documents.