Since 1945, the nuclear deterrence doctrine has been credited with maintaining a balance in the world order, and the powers that possess nuclear weapons have reaffirmed their choice to preserve their arsenals in the name of their security. However, because of the risks they pose and their costs, the persistence of nuclear weapons is questioned. In view of the threats made during the War in Ukraine and the risks of proliferation, is nuclear deterrence still an effective tool for ensuring collective security?