The second conference on 1 October 2021 during the Normandy World Peace Forum draw the major issues to govern peace. A particular focus highlighted the situation in Afghanistan, following the recent news.

World peace is currently destabilised by the emergence of multiple threats which go far beyond inter-state conflicts. The UN Security Council, a symbol of multilateralism, is regularly stymied by institutional deadlocks and appears to be the preserve of the major powers of an obsolete world. Although it is not entirely ineffective, radical changes must be made to the principles on which this outdated system is based.