There are many different faces to terrorism and no universal definition. Some states are resorting to terrorist approaches, and at the same time, some organisations are aspiring to be recognised as states. In recent years, Islamic terrorism has suffered significant setbacks but the threat is reinventing itself through alliances with international crime. Hybrid conflicts are conducive to the manipulation of public opinion and radical groups. 

Therefore, we need to take stock of the threat so we can better understand the consequences of these shifts.